一包養行情【趙秀金】董仲舒“天人三策”應在元光五年辨正

Abstract:The time when the “Three Strategies of Heaven and Man” occurs must be settled in the text and history for investigation. Emperor Hanwu’s advice to Dong Zhongshu was different from the advice of Gong Sun Hong in the fifth year of Yuanguang, and the “Three Strategies of Heaven and Man” was a series of answers to the unified purpose; the historical facts in the text were also unobstructed in the fifth year of Yuanguang, so Dong Zhongshu’s “Three Strategies of Heaven and Man” should have been in the fifth year of Yuanguang. Dong Zhongshu was condemned because he said that the royal disaster was absurd by heaven. This question was the focus of Emperor Hanwu’s three proposals a few years later. Dong Zhongshu, who “dare not to retaliate about disaster”, could only answer the question, and did not agree with the question, which turned the “Three Strategies for Heaven and Man” into the “Three Strategies for Education”. As for the time of the countermeasures outside the five years of Yuanguang, they are not appropriate, so it is proof. The desire to worship Confucianism sets the time for countermeasures in Ban Gu’s mind, which leads to misunderstandings among future generations.

Keywords:Dong Zhongshu; Three Strategies for Heaven and Man; the fifth year of Yuanguang; strategy; Confucianism

Dong Zhongshu’s “Three Strategies for Heaven and Man” has always been a difficult issue in the academic world to debate.

These three strategies are not based on Sima’s “History Records”, and the first one to refer to Ban Gu’s “Han Book·Dong Zhongshu”. Ban Gu should have understood the time for the countermeasures, and he said it was ambiguous: “Emperor Wu ascended the throne, he was given hundreds of good literary scholars, and Zhongshu used good advice to deal with the countermeasures.” Although the countermeasures when Emperor Wu ascended the throne, the Han Book had the same adverb restrictions as “first” [1]. Ban Gu only said “ascending the throne” in general and did not determine that it was in the early years.

It was not in the early years, which year was it? Because Emperor Hanwu had many times to discuss and ask personal questions, Dong Zhongshu joined in and unintentionally stretched out more than once to Xie Xi, the male supporting role who was strapped by the male protagonist and was slapped with stones, so the specific age of the countermeasure became a question. Later generations of scholars have made many studies, such as the first year of Jianyuan, the fifth year of Jianyuan, the first year of Yuanguang, the fifth year of Yuanguang, and the fifth year of Yuanshuo [1-Baoqiang.com3]. This article settles in the text of “Three Strategies for Heaven and Man” and historical evidence, and determines that the time for its countermeasures is only in the fifth year of Yuanguang (130 BC).

1. The first plan to ask the theme of “Destiny Destiny” and the differences with Emperor Wu’s plan in the fifth year of Yuanguang

To determine the time for Dong Zhongshu’s plan, the most important to protect the pipeline‘s right‘s advice should come from Emperor Wu’s plan. Considering that the topic of Hanwu Emperor’s large scale proposal should be rarely revisited.In the unclear time of the “Three Strategies of Heaven and Man”, it is very important to find the same topic strategy of Emperor Wu in “Historical Records” or “Han Book”.

It was a coincidence that the same topic was discussed in “Han Shu·Public Hongqi”, which was in the fifth year of Yuanguang[4].

Dare to ask my master: What is the way of heaven and man? What is the effect of auspiciousness? What is the consequence of the flood and drought in Yu and Tang? Be kind, righteousness, kindness, and knowledge, and should we maintain facilities? What is the talisman of the zodiac? What is the talisman of destiny?

The first question compared to the “Three Strategies of Heaven and Man”:

Where is the talisman of the three generations of people who have given their mission? Why did the disaster rise? The feelings of life are either premature or cruel, benevolent or despicable, and they are not rational. The ego wants to be in a flowing way, the punishment is light and the traitor is correct, the political affairs are clear, the political affairs are clear, and the ointment and dew are descended, the hundred grains are climbing, virtue spreads all over the sea, the plants and trees are clear, the three lights are complete, the cold and summer are calm, the blessings of heaven, enjoy the spirit of ghosts and gods, the virtues are spreading, giving to the outside world, extending to all living beings? [2]

Surely, the two are very different, both of which are related to the feelings of heaven and man and the disgust of the auspiciousness. “Where is the way of heaven and man? The effect of auspiciousness is to be satisfied” means “the three generations of people are given the order, and where is the being rich and nurturing? How come the changes of disasters rise?” The word is different and the same. It can be presumed that in the fifth year of Yuanguang, Dong Zhongshu participated in the Qinliang Countermeasures with doctoral components [3]. But how can we explain the differences between the two in terms of literature and dialogue? Can it be proved that it must be a conspiracy by Emperor Wu?

From the underground historical documents, ancient people have been able to confirm that Ban Gu uses the essays and have a love for the literary and literary recitation. Some cultural relics and archaeologists compared the text of the citations cited by Hanquan and “Han Book”, and used iron certificates to determine that “Ban Gu reduced and re-edited the original citations when he compiled “Han Book”, “which added the literary nature of the citations, making the vocabulary beautiful and profound in the vocabulary, revealing the magnificent view of the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the vocabulary in the 4th century.”

Because the essays are all “made” and are made by the imperial literati, Ban Gu did not have the awe of the emperor’s essays from his descendants. Moreover, “Han Shu” only uses “character” instead of “say” before the advice of Dong Zhongshu and Gong Sun Hong, and has always been different [5]. It can be presumed that the difference between the first policy of Dong Zhongshu’s “Three Strategies for Heaven and Man” and the five-year policy of Gongsun Hong Yuanguang is partial rather than overall. Comparing Dong Zhongshu andThe full text of Emperor Wu’s proposal written by Gong Sun Hong and others is not only the ability to increase the literary ability of writing, but also the ability to tighten the original text. Because Ban Gu was a master of history, his manuscripts had to be reviewed by the emperor. Although he had revisions on historical materials, he would never change the purpose of the policy.

Since Dong Zhongshu’s first plan for Emperor Wu’s plan was different from the topic of “Han Shu·Public Hongyue”, and the key writing style is similar, it can be determined that Dong Zhongshu’s first plan for “Three Strategies of Heaven and Man” should be in the fifth year of Yuanguang.

2. “Three Strategies for Heaven and Man” is a series of questions and answers for the fifth year of Yuanguang

Only the first strategy was determined, the second strategy and the third strategy must be determined later. The internal relationship between Emperor Wu’s proposal and Dong Zhongshu’s countermeasures, which was edited by Ban Gu, should be determined by whether the whole can be connected and the three strategies can be determined.

The second strategy is to follow the first strategy. Ban Gu said: “The emperor saw it and was different, so he resigned it.” It seemed that Dong Zhongshu’s first proposal was valued, and then he was asked again. However, Emperor Wu was not satisfied with the first good guys’ advice. He asked what the reason was, and encouraged to say politely: “I am a big doctor who has been to talk about more than a hundred people, or has been in a state of affairs but has not been impressed. Is it difficult to examine the differences between the past and the present? Is it not to be based on the literature and the differences? What are the differences and different aspe